Similar advice is suggested for those who return to physical activity after surgery. Hence, technological devices can broadly be used to diagnose musculoskeletal disorders and plan a preventive strategy for returning to the sport practice. Fast return to play sports and exercise could trigger joint pains and musculoskeletal alterations therefore, an accurate motion and posture analysis could help planning the right approach to resume physical activity. For example, low physical activity levels are associated with muscle weakness, decreased mobility function, and widespread pains. Quantitative analysis of human movements and posture is an effective tool used to analyze the correct movement execution, identify injury risk factors, help clinicians make the best decision to reduce patients' recovery time, and suggest a proper treatment plan.Īssessing walking speed through wearable systems could be a valuable indicator of adults' health and functional status. Biomechanical researchers aim to standardize human movement parameters that can be understandable, comparable, and shareable with the entire scientific community. Otherwise, if the movement needs to be studied on multiple planes or forces investigation is required, it is more appropriate to use a 3D system, which requires in-depth expertise. Movements, such as walking or running, do not require sophisticated approaches, since they are easily analyzed in the sagittal plane. In some instances, 2D biomechanical analysis can offer a quick and effective method of evaluation. Nevertheless, there is a solid need to diversify the use of each system in relation to specific contexts.
Notably, human motion assessment during functional activities also plays a crucial role in rehabilitative medicine and sports. Motion and posture analyses are effective tools used in diagnosis, therapy, and prevention of musculoskeletal disorders. Over the last decades, human movement research has made significant progress in responding to the growing medicine and sport demand for precise and accurate methods to capture human movement and refine data collection. Herein, these devices and their uses are described, providing researchers, clinicians, orthopedics, physical therapists, and sports coaches an effective guide to use new technologies in their practice as instruments of diagnosis, therapy, and prevention. The evolutions of these methods aim to standardize measurements and provide manageable tools in clinical practice for the early diagnosis of musculoskeletal pathologies and to monitor daily improvements of each patient.
These new technologies have also become effective for children or adolescents with non-specific back pain and postural insufficiencies. Similarly, new posture analysis techniques are emerging, often driven by the need for fast and non-invasive methods to obtain high-precision results. Fully automated and markerless systems are overcoming these drawbacks for conducting biomechanical studies, especially outside laboratories. The currently gold standard systems of motion analysis, widely used in clinical settings, present several limitations related to marker placement or long procedure time. This review aims to resume the currently used motion and posture analysis systems, clarify and suggest the appropriate approaches suitable for specific cases or contexts.
Consequently, clear discrimination among different measurement systems is required to diversify their use as needed.
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Technological development of motion and posture analyses is rapidly pro gressing, especially in rehabilitation settings and sport biomechanics.